Research & teaching

A practice built on asking better questions.

My academic work focuses on the patient experience: developing validated outcome measures, refining surgical technique, applying machine learning to objective assessment, and teaching the next generation of ophthalmologists. The aim is consistent: to make care measurable, reproducible and clearly accountable to the people in front of us.

As a section editor for the journal Eye, I believe in clinician-led research and an up-to-date, evidence-based practice, so I can offer my patients the best care available. My published work spans the breadth of oculoplastic, lacrimal and orbital surgery; grouped below are the themes you are most likely to recognise from your own care, each with the studies behind them.

Outcome measures

Measuring what matters in watery eye.

A watering eye is common and surprisingly hard to measure well. Much of my research builds a shared language for it, so treatments can be compared fairly and the things that matter to patients are captured properly.

TEARS The TEARS score

A clinician-completed assessment that captures the anatomical and functional drivers of a watering eye, designed to standardise lacrimal evaluation and guide management.

WEQOL The Watery Eye Quality of Life score

A validated patient-reported outcome measure for epiphora, built to measure what matters most to patients and to standardise reporting when comparing treatments. It is now used in multiple centres nationally and increasingly internationally.

Selected references

“Good outcomes are not only subjective opinions, they need to be measurable. This is what is lacking most when trying to compare which treatment is best for patients with watery eyes. The aim, therefore, is to build a tool that measures what matters most to patients.”

Eyelid surgery

Refining eyelid surgery

Eyelid operations are among the most common procedures I perform. This work tests the techniques and materials used in ptosis, entropion and ectropion repair, so corrections are more reliable and the results last.

“97% of patients reported being satisfied with the outcome of their surgery.”

Entropion repair series · Eye, 2023

Lacrimal surgery

Advancing tear-duct surgery

Tear-duct surgery depends on precise work in a small, hidden space. These studies examine the relevant anatomy and instruments to make keyhole (endoscopic) surgery safer and more effective.

Imaging & machine learning

Objective measurement and imaging

I am interested in how technology can make assessment more objective. This research applies machine learning and advanced imaging to measure things the human eye struggles to judge consistently.

“Eyelid function is a dynamic process, and therefore lends itself more to video assessment versus photography.”

VALID machine-learning study · Eye, 2023

Reconstruction & oncology

Reconstruction and periocular disease

When skin cancer or serious infection affects the eyelids and socket, careful reconstruction matters. These studies cover techniques for complex repair and the management of demanding periocular conditions.

“Each case raises a question. Following that question is how technique improves.”

Education

Teaching and education research

Good clinicians are made, not born. Alongside clinical work I study how we teach and assess core skills, from examining the back of the eye to learning surgical anatomy through dissection.

Teaching & faculty

Education at every level.

Teaching is a core part of my role at Portsmouth and within the wider oculoplastic community. I enjoy the conversations as much as the curriculum.

Undergraduate Co-Lead for Ophthalmology

Lead for ophthalmology education across the medical school at the University of Portsmouth (King's College London branch).

Fellowship supervisor

We have established an international oculoplastic fellowship to train the next generation of subspecialists.

Faculty member

Regular invited faculty member and speaker for national oculoplastic, lacrimal and orbital teaching courses.

Clinical and academic supervisor

I regularly supervise medical students, junior doctors and trainee ophthalmologists in both clinical care and academic settings.

Publications

My fullpublication list.

This is my complete publication list, updated automatically from my ORCID record.

Full record on ORCID